She is really enjoying the book selections in Hand that Rocks the Cradle and I love feeling that I can let her pick them out! She was excited to see Sea Star – the sequel to Misty of Chincoteague and chose that first! Blessings to you. Many thanks, J.

My opinion is that starting math at age ten is early enough. Give her another year to develop abstract thinking. There’s no hurry.

Singapore, Math U See, and Saxon are all fine math curricula.

Angelica Barnes Grunden

First, here is a summary excerpt from our article Research on the Teaching of Math:

1. Formal textbook or workbook instruction in arithmetic may begin at age ten. It is about age ten that the developmental light bulb goes on, and the child becomes capable of a great deal more mental and physical skill. (Of course that’s not an absolute rule. With a few children, it is as early as eight. We call them “bright” children because the developmental light bulb goes on early.) Waiting until the child is developmentally prepared to handle the concepts makes instruction in arithmetic very easy, because the child learns very quickly.

2. There is no necessity for formal teaching in arithmetic before age ten. Once all of the developmental parts are there, most children can learn – in a few weeks – everything which they might have spent six years learning (kindergarten through fifth grade), that is, if they haven’t already learned it through questions and experiences and working things out on their own — which is generally the case.

3. Depending upon the child, upon the method, and upon the subject matter covered, there exists the potential for developmental harm from the formal teaching of arithmetic before age ten. Small children cannot understand many arithmetic concepts at an early age. We can teach them to perform the process, but we cannot make them understand the concepts. The child “learns” to hate “learning.” The child’s understanding develops along the wrong lines. He may actually develop mental “blocks” to arithmetic – actual physiological blocks in the brain. (This may give new meaning for the term “blockhead.”)

4. Not formally teaching arithmetic before age ten frees up a lot of time for other activities which will build the vocabulary of the child. Vocabulary is the number one index of intelligence. Developing vocabulary was one of the deliberate foci of ancient education. We waste valuable time for developing vocabulary and verbal language skills if we instead spend those hours teaching a five year old to count by fives. (He’ll know it intuitively by age ten anyway, without ever being taught.) Instead, we ought to spend those hours reading to him. We only have so much time in the day. Do we want to spend it trying to force math skills into a child who developmentally is not optimally prepared, or spend it doing what is developmentally natural to a young child – learning new words and associating them with new ideas and experiences. Stretch the child’s vocabulary during the formative years, and when he’s developmentally ready to do some deeper thinking, he’ll have a mind prepared to take on the task, and he’ll take off like a rocket.

Also, we suggest reading our article On Early Academics. We like to refer readers to these two articles whenever they are considering the delayed formal math approach.

But you asked us what specifically we suggest to start with if one adopts this delayed formal math approach. I’ll tell you how we approached math. Perhaps you can use some of these suggestions. Our children who were below age ten studied math informally. We played dominoes, Rummicube, card games, dice games, score-keeping games, and other counting type games. We taught the children to count and write their numbers. I remembered them playing store and restaurant and asking me how to add up a series of numbers. They built calculators and cash registers out of matting board scraps that we obtained at the local art store. They played with play money and coins. Your average homeschooling family life is full of informal arithmetic exercises. Of course, cooking and chores involve lots of informal math. By the time a child is ten he will probably know how to add. He probably won’t have many of the math facts memorized, though. Some memorize these facts easily, some have a more difficult time. At age ten, I made for the child (or had the child make) two different arithmetic grids – one for addition and subtraction and one for multiplication and division. I’m not sure what they are really called. Each grid consists of a square piece of paper with the digits 1 through 9 running in a column along the left side of the page (with 1 at the top and 9 at the bottom) and again in a row along the top of the page (with 1 at the left and 9 at the right). Where the two 1’s come together (similar to a mileage chart where you are trying to find out how far it is from one city to another) you write the digit “2″ (1+1=2). Where the 1 on the left and the 2 at the top come together you write the digit “3″ (1+2=3). You continue like that till the grid is filled in. This would be the addition and subtraction grid. The multiplication/division grid would work similarly. They are a sort of answer key for the math facts.

At age ten we start the child in formal math with a 6th grade math textbook (we used Saxon, but I’m sure any math curriculum would work fine). I gave the child these two grids, and they are allowed to use them when doing their math lessons. At age eleven I took away the addition/subtraction grid. The child should have the addition/subtraction facts memorized by then. If I think that he doesn’t have them memorized then we would drill on them till he does have them memorized. At age twelve I took away the multiplication/division grid.

This system worked well for us. All five of the children did well in math, finishing the Saxon Advanced Math textbook (Nathan went on to finish Saxon Calculus).

Let me know if you have more questions concerning this approach. We would be happy to answer them!

Laurie Bluedorn

We suggest informal math with children below age ten, just as you describe you are doing. Perhaps one of our readers from NY could answer your legal question.

This year, I tried supplementing math for 2 of my kids (ages 8 and 10) by taking them to the Kumon center, which has been very good for my kids, but is prohibitively expensive ($200 a month). I think that the program itself is excellent–it involves a lot of repetition, which might sound dull, but the effect is that my kids now know the basics backwards and forwards, without having to think about it, and math is much easier for them, and therefore more enjoyable. They do about 10 pages (about 20 minutes) a day of problems, which I grade, and they only see the teacher at the Kumon center for about 5-10 minutes a week (which makes the $200 seem like an awful lot, especially considering how much time I’m spending, grading!)

My question is this: do you know of any supplementary curriculum that works like the Kumon curriculum (which I like), but doesn’t require me to go to a center and pay $200 a month?

Thanks,
Alison

My husband and I are avid game players. We are always on the lookout for good games to play with our older girls, who are 7 and almost 6. There are many games that combine luck and strategy and reinforce math skills.

Some of our favorite games are:

Continuo (matching and addition)
Set (set theory and pattern recognition)
Number Lotto by Usborne (counting and number recognition)
Yahtzee (NOT the children’s version, but the regular version, helps drill on addition and multiplication)
Connect Four (pattern recognition and is all strategy)
Memory (matching and memory skills)
Mille Bornes (addition)
Sorry (addition and subtraction)
Presto Chang-o (money skills, addition and subtraction)
Senet (a popular game in ancient Egypt that reinforces addition and subtraction).

Another easy game to teach counting is throwing and catching: players count the catches; when a child misses the count restarts at one.

A fun game to play with Dominoes is Twenty: the object is to play Dominoes face-up one at a time, until the numbers total 20. Play, either adding or discarding until someone reaches exactly 20.

You can also do a treasure hunt for geometry and measurement: make a list including items such as an object that contains a triangle, an object that is 12.5 inches long, something that weighs more than 2 pounds and less than 3 pounds.

Use your imagination. Have fun!

Thank you for your time. – AmyH in Memphis, TN

Perhaps you could spend the rest of the year playing math type games such as dominoes, RummyCube, or cribbage. Play these in the evening when Dad is home and can help.

I suggest waiting till he is ten and starting with a book similar to Saxon 65. I’m not familiar with any of the other math curricula, so I don’t know where he would start with the others, but most math programs have placement tests which will help you decide. Sometimes it’s just a matter of trial and error — try one book, and if it doesn’t work try a different level. If you can borrow books or get them used then it won’t cost you too much.

Have fun and read the winter away — and let us know what books you’re reading! Laurie

Blessings,
Megan Volmer

My oldest learned to count up to 25 at age three by using pennies. He had the incentive of receiving as many as he could count up to correctly. My second son, when 4, used old dead batteries to play a little plus or minus game. My daughter just turned five uses buttons, pennies, and food at the dinner table. Daddy will ask her if she had 5 green beans and her brother ate 3 of them how many would she have. You do not need books to teach math.

Math contests make math fun. If you want to encourage your children in math, you can check out my new website that lists more than 150 motivating math contests. In a chart format, contests for individuals are listed with prizes, deadlines and descriptions. Regional meets, which are listed by state, are often open to individuals as well as teams. My website includes curriculum reviews and helpful articles that show you how to integrate math contests into your homeschooling.

Haddon Fox, Raleigh, NC
age 9

S.